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entropy production
Entropy production determines the performance of thermal machines such as power plants, heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, and air conditioners. It also plays a key role in the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.〔S.R. de Groot and P. Mazur, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam-London, 1969)〕
==Short history==
Entropy is produced in irreversible processes. The importance of avoiding irreversible processes (hence reducing the entropy production) was recognized as early as 1824 by Carnot.〔S. Carnot ''Reflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu'' Bachelier, Paris, 1824〕 In 1867 Rudolf Clausius expanded his previous work from 1854〔. 〕 on the concept of “unkompensierte Verwandlungen” (uncompensated transformations), which, in our modern nomenclature, would be called the entropy production. In the same article as where he introduced the name entropy,〔R. Clausius ''Über verschiedene für die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Hauptgleigungen der mechanische Wärmetheorie'' in Abhandlungen über die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Haubtgleichungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie Ann.Phys. () 125, 390 (1865). This paper is translated and can be found in: The second law of thermodynamics, Edited by J. Kestin, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, pp. 162-193.〕 Clausius gives the expression for the entropy production (for a closed system), which he denotes by ''N'', in equation (71) which reads
:
Here ''S'' is the entropy in the final state and the integral is to be taken from the initial state to the final state. From the context it is clear that ''N'' = 0 if the process is reversible and ''N'' > 0 in case of an irreversible process.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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